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Every activity or product has a certain degree of hazard associated with it. This is the first element
of risk assessment. Activities such as swimming, driving a car, or plowing a field, may lead to
harm to those involved; similarly, the use of any product, from commercial foodstuff to a computer,
has a probability of adverse effect on humans or the environment. Thus, step one is identification
of the specific adverse effect(s) associated with a product or activity - the hazard. For example, in
the case of exposure to Helicobacter pylori the hazard is clear: gastrointestinal disease and
carcinoma.
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